According to a recent study by the British Antarctic Survey, if conservation efforts are not increased, over 60% of Antarctic terrestrial flora and fauna will be reduced in number by the end of the century.

Emperor penguins, in particular, may see a reduction of up to 90%. Additionally, the number of Adélie and caped penguins will also decline significantly. The study found that, based on current management strategies and moderate warming, 65% of Antarctic terrestrial flora and fauna will be reduced by 2100. However, if global warming is limited to less than 2°C by 2100, this proportion will be reduced to 31%.

Antarctica's geographic isolation has long protected the continent from climate change and other environmental disasters, but the effects are now beginning to be seen. For example, sea ice is melting faster now than it did decades ago, threatening several species of seabirds who rely on ice for nesting from April to December each year.

Human presence and activity are also on the rise in Antarctica. The number of annual visitors has jumped more than eight-fold since the 1990s, and scientific expeditions are expanding. These activities are causing more snow to melt, further exacerbating the effects of climate change.

According to a recent study, the number of annual visitors to Antarctica has increased more than eight-fold since the 1990s. Additionally, research has shown that increased human activity in the region is causing more snow to melt.

The study calls for global action on climate change and greater regional conservation efforts to ensure the survival of Antarctic species in the future. Minimizing the impact of human activities on Antarctica, including managing human activities, transportation, and new infrastructure, was identified as the most cost-effective management strategy.

Even if global warming were not mitigated, implementing these regional strategies would still benefit about 54% of Antarctic species.