Tidal flats encompass a variety of coastal landscapes, including beaches along the sea, riverbanks, and lakeshores.

Geomorphologically, they are referred to as the "intertidal zone," situated between the high and low tide levels of coastal spring, the area between normal and flood levels of rivers and lakes, and the submerged region beneath the flood level of seasonal water bodies.

Subject to the ebb and flow of tides, tidal flats experience alternating periods of submersion and exposure, with the upper part often visible at high tide and the lower part submerged.

These flats exhibit diverse compositions, categorized into rocky, sandy, and muddy varieties. Based on tide level, width, and slope, they are further classified as high, mid, or low tidal flats. Factors such as water flow, sedimentation rates, and the composition of riverbeds contribute to the dynamic nature of tidal flats. Some areas witness erosion, causing the flats to recede, while others experience sediment deposition, leading to their expansion. Stable regions maintain a consistent extent of tidal flats over time.

Despite being often perceived as desolate due to high salinity, tidal flats are hidden gems teeming with biodiversity. Their unique position between land and sea renders them home to a plethora of species, adapting to the fluctuating environmental conditions. The diverse array of flora and fauna, along with soil and water characteristics, make tidal flats dynamic ecosystems.

Nutrients carried by surface and underground flows, as well as those from the ocean, accumulate in tidal flats. While these nutrients may be challenging for higher-level organisms to access, benthic animals play a crucial role in nutrient cycling, aiding in their redistribution.

Moreover, tidal flats serve as vital sources of sustenance for coastal communities. Annually, millions of tons of seafood, predominantly shellfish, are harvested from tidal flats worldwide. A single hectare of tidal flat can yield over 22 tons of shellfish per year, significantly contributing to the global seafood supply.

Beyond their role in food production, tidal flats provide numerous ecosystem services, including water purification, carbon dioxide absorption and storage, and recreational opportunities. Their destruction not only compromises marine biodiversity but also directly impacts the quality of life for coastal inhabitants.

Historically, a lack of understanding regarding the ecological, social, and economic significance of tidal flats has led to their indiscriminate use and development. This has resulted in the degradation of vast expanses of these crucial ecosystems, jeopardizing marine life and the well-being of coastal communities.

In light of their immense ecological and economic value, concerted efforts are needed to conserve and sustainably manage tidal flats. By recognizing and preserving these invaluable ecosystems, we can ensure their continued contributions to biodiversity conservation, food security, and human well-being for generations to come.